Titanium and Titanium Alloys


Titanium alloys were developed in the early 1950s for defense and aeronautical applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio.  Through innovation in very diverse markets, production of titanium significantly increased making the material much more readily available.  This increase in production has lowered costs allowing even more industries to utilize its unique combination of strength, weight, and corrosion resistance. 

Commercially Pure (CP) Titanium, Ti 6Al-4V and Ti 6Al-4V ELI, Ti-Pd, and TiCode 12 are the most common titanium alloys used in industry.  There are additional grades with more limited availability for more specialized circumstances.

Titanium alloys bridge the gap between the properties of steel and aluminum and are used in such varied applications as satellites, plating racks, cryogenic storage vessels, saline water conversion units, wet chlorine gas piping, seawater pumps, pulp and paper production, airplanes, yachts, jewelry, eyeglass frames, golf clubs, high current superconductors, off-shore drilling equipment, dental implants, and hip and knee replacements.

 

Mechanical Properties

Alloy Specifications UTS (psi) YS (psi) El (%) RA (%)
                min.            min.            min.           min.
           
CP-1 ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 1 35,000 25,000 24 30
           
CP-2 ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 2 50,000       
40,000 20 30
           
CP-3 ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 3 65,000 55,000 18 30
           
CP-4 ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 4 80,000 70,000 15 25
           
Ti 6Al-4V ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 5 130,000 120,000 10 25
           
Ti 6Al-4V ELI ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 23 120,000 110,000 10 25
           
Ti-Pd ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 7 50,000 40,000 20 30
           
TiCode 12 ASTM B265 / B348 Grade 12 70,000 50,000 18 25
           

 

Other Properties

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (in/in/°C)    
  8.64 x 10-6
   
Thermal Conductivity (BTU/hr/ft2/°F/ft)    
  9.0
   
Electrical Resistivity (micro-ohm-cm)    
  47.8
   
Magnetic Susceptibility  
  1.25 x 10-6
 
Young's Modulus ( lbf / in2 )    
  16.8
   
Poisson's Ratio    
  0.41
   
Density ( lb/in3 )    
  0.163