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Developed in the early 1950s for defense and aeronautic applications because of their very high strength-to-weight ratios.
Greater production has lowered costs and innovative people have applied the unique combination of strength, weight, and corrosion resistance to a wide variety of industrial applications.
Its corrosion resistance results from a very thin (~10nm), stable, continuous oxide layer that regenerates instantaneously if any oxygen or moisture is present.
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Titanium Physical Properties
CP Titanium
Grades 1 thru 4 |
CARBON
C |
IRON
Fe |
HYDROGEN
H |
NITROGEN
N |
OXYGEN
O |
Other |
TITANIUM
Ti |
| <= 0.10 |
<= 0.50 |
<= 0.015 |
<= 0.05 |
<= 0.5 |
< 0.4 |
Balance |
Commercially Pure Titanium is used primarily for its corrosion resistance. It resists pitting, crevice and cavitation corrosion, erosion, and stress corrosion cracking in salt water, marine atmospheres, and a broad range of acids, alkalis, and industrial chemicals.
| Titanium-Palladium (Ti-Pd) |
CARBON
C |
IRON
Fe |
HYDROGEN
H |
NITROGEN
N |
OXYGEN
O |
Other
|
PALLADIUM
Pd |
TITANIUM
Ti |
| <= 0.10 |
<= 0.40 |
<= 0.015 |
<= 0.05 |
<= 0.3 |
< 0.4 |
0.12 to 0.25 |
Balance |
Ti 6Al-4V
Grade 5 |
ALUMINIUM
Al |
CARBON
C |
IRON
Fe |
HYDROGEN
H |
NITROGEN
N |
OXYGEN
O |
Other |
TITANIUM
Ti |
VANADIUM
V |
| 5.5 to 6.75 |
<= 0.10 |
<= 0.50 |
<= 0.015 |
<= 0.05 |
<= 0.45 |
< 0.4 |
Balance |
3.5 to 4.5 |
Ti 6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy, accounting for more than half of all titanium tonnage worldwide.
For example, 36% of the weight of the F-22 Raptor fighter airplane is Ti 6Al-4V.
Ti 6Al-4V ELI
Grade 23 |
ALUMINIUM
Al |
CARBON
C |
IRON
Fe |
HYDROGEN
H |
NITROGEN
N |
OXYGEN
O |
Other
|
TITANIUM
Ti |
VANADIUM
V |
| 5.5 to 6.75 |
<= 0.08 |
<= 0.25 |
<= 0.0125 |
<= 0.03 |
<= 0.15 |
< 0.4 |
Balance |
3.5 to 4.5 |
Ti Code 12
Grade 12 |
CARBON
C |
IRON
Fe |
HYDROGEN
H |
MOLYBDENUM
Mo |
NITROGEN
N |
NICKEL
Ni |
OXYGEN
O |
Other |
TITANIUM
Ti |
| <= 0.08 |
<= 0.30 |
<= 0.015 |
0.2 to 0.4 |
<= 0.03 |
0.6 to 0.9 |
<= 0.25 |
< 0.4 |
Balance |
Nickel-Titanium
(Ni-Ti) |
IRON
Fe |
NICKEL
Ni |
Other |
TITANIUM
Ti |
| <= 0.1 |
Balance |
< 0.1 |
39 to 45.4 |
Titanium-Niobium
(Ti-Nb) |
CARBON
C |
IRON
Fe |
NIOBIUM
Nb |
OXYGEN
O |
TITANIUM
Ti |
| <= 0.05 |
<= 0.1 |
42 to 45 |
<= 0.12 |
Balance |
Beta C
Grade 19 |
ALUMINUM
Al |
CARBON
C |
CHROMIUM
Cr |
IRON
Fe |
HYDROGEN
H |
MOLYBDENUM
Mo |
| 3.0 to 4.0 |
<= 0.5 |
5.5 to 6.5 |
<= 0.3 |
<= 0.02 |
3.5 to 4.5 |
NITROGEN
N |
OXYGEN
O |
Other |
TITANIUM
Ti |
VANADIUM
V |
ZIRCONIUM
Zr |
| <= 0.03 |
<= 0.12 |
< 0.4 |
Balance |
7.5 to 8.5 |
3.5 to 4.5 |
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